Multi-SDO Engineering & Inspection Hub

Engineering & NDT Standards Directory

Authoritative multi-SDO engineering reference cataloging standards across API, ASTM, ACI, ASCE, ASME, AWS, and ISO. Discover how non-destructive examination (NDE) methods, plant integrity codes, and structural guidelines interlock.

Standards Organizations
7 SDOs
Petroleum & Refining:API 510, 570, 653, 610
NDT Test Methods:ASTM D6432, E2491, E2581
Concrete & Structures:ACI 228.2R, ACI 318
Subsurface & Utilities:ASCE 38-22
Boiler & Pressure Vessels:ASME Sec V, B31.3
Structural Welding:AWS D1.1
Personnel Certifications:ISO 9712
Audience:Level II/III & Plant Engineers
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Showing 23 standards
APIAPI 610Rotating Equipment
Reliability

Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries

Plain English:

The gold standard for heavy-duty refinery pumps. Dictates robust casing thickness, precision balancing, and vibration limits so flammable liquids do not spray out during operation.

Field Rule of Thumb

Unfiltered overall vibration velocities must remain below 3.0 mm/s RMS (0.12 in/s) during steady factory shop testing.

Mandatory Requirements:
30-year design life & minimum 3-year continuous operation
Heavy-duty radially split casing for high pressure/temperature
Target Equipment:Centrifugal Pumps
APIAPI 617Rotating Equipment
Availability

Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors

Plain English:

Governs high-speed gas compressors in refineries and LNG plants. Ensures massive spinning wheels (impellers) do not shatter under intense pressure and extreme rotations.

Field Rule of Thumb

Impellers must undergo overspeed spin testing at 115% of trip speed for minimum 15 minutes followed by 100% fluorescent NDT.

Mandatory Requirements:
Rotor lateral and torsional vibration analyses
Hydrostatic pressure testing of casing to 1.5× max allowable working pressure
Target Equipment:Centrifugal & Axial Compressors
APIAPI 618Rotating Equipment
Reliability

Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services

Plain English:

Rules for heavy piston-driven gas compressors. Regulates vibration dampers, cylinder wall thickness, and piston rod health to prevent catastrophic metal fatigue.

Field Rule of Thumb

Combined rod loads must not exceed 100% of the manufacturer rated limit under any normal or upset operating condition.

Mandatory Requirements:
Acoustic pulsation simulation & vibration mitigation analysis
Non-destructive examination of crankcase & forged shafts
Target Equipment:Reciprocating Compressors
APIAPI 619Rotating Equipment
Availability

Rotary-Type Positive-Displacement Compressors

Plain English:

Standards for industrial screw compressors. Governs precision clearances between intermeshing screws and acoustic casing integrity.

Field Rule of Thumb

Rotor lobe backlash and axial clearances must be verified at both ambient and operating thermal equilibrium.

Mandatory Requirements:
Precision clearance measurement across rotor lobes
Nondestructive evaluation of rotor shaft forgings
Target Equipment:Screw Compressors
APIAPI 614Auxiliary & Seals
Reliability

Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing and Control-Oil Systems

Plain English:

The life-support system for refinery turbines and compressors. Ensures clean, cool oil is continuously pumped to bearings so machines do not overheat and seize.

Field Rule of Thumb

Emergency overhead run-down tank or hydraulic accumulator must supply oil for at least 3 minutes during coast-down.

Mandatory Requirements:
100% standby oil pump auto-transfer within milliseconds
ISO 4406 fluid cleanliness class 15/13/10 monitoring
Target Equipment:Lube & Seal Oil Skids
APIAPI 682 / 692Auxiliary & Seals
Eco-Protection

Pumps & Gas Compressors Mechanical Shaft Seals

Plain English:

Seals around rotating shafts to stop toxic, explosive gases from escaping into the environment. Specifies high-tech ceramic faces separated by a microscopic cushion of gas.

Field Rule of Thumb

Seal faces must be polished flat within 2 helium light bands (0.58 microns / 23 micro-inches).

Mandatory Requirements:
API 682: Standardized seal cartridges & qualification test protocols
API 692: Dry gas seal separation gas pressure control & leakage detection
Target Equipment:Mechanical Seals & Dry Gas Seals
APIAPI 670Machinery Protection
Safety

Machinery Protection Systems

Plain English:

The emergency shutdown nervous system for massive turbines and pumps. Uses eddy current proximity probes to instantly trip and shut down the machine if the shaft wobbles.

Field Rule of Thumb

Always use 2-out-of-2 or 2-out-of-3 voting logic to prevent false trips while ensuring 100% protection against machine wreck.

Mandatory Requirements:
2-out-of-3 (2oo3) voting logic for critical shutdown trips
Continuous radial shaft vibration (orbit analysis) monitoring
Target Equipment:Vibration & Trip Systems
APIAPI 510Pressure & Piping
Safety

Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration

Plain English:

The bible for inspecting operating pressure tanks and towers. Dictates how often vessels must be ultrasonic tested, how to calculate remaining useful life, and when repairs are mandatory.

Field Rule of Thumb

Internal inspection interval must not exceed 10 years or half the remaining useful life (RUL), whichever is shorter.

Mandatory Requirements:
Ultrasonic thickness wall mapping (UT Grid)
Phased Array UT (PAUT) & TOFD weld examination
Target Equipment:Pressure Vessels & Reactors
APIAPI 570Pressure & Piping
Safety

Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems

Plain English:

Rules for inspecting chemical and refinery pipe networks. Focuses heavily on finding hidden rust under insulation (CUI), thinning pipe elbows, and dead-end stagnant pipe sections.

Field Rule of Thumb

Class 1 high-hazard piping requires thickness inspection every 5 years; Class 2 every 10 years.

Mandatory Requirements:
Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) or Guided Wave UT for CUI screening
Radiographic profile testing for small-bore piping wall loss
Target Equipment:Process Piping Circuits
APIAPI 580 / 581Inspection & RBI
Reliability

Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) Framework & Quantitative Methodology

Plain English:

Smart inspection planning: instead of inspecting every piece of equipment on a rigid schedule, assets with high failure risk are inspected often with high-tech ultrasound, saving time and money.

Field Rule of Thumb

Risk = Probability of Failure (PoF) x Consequence of Failure (CoF). Focus 80% of inspection budgets on top 20% high-risk assets.

Mandatory Requirements:
Quantitative risk ranking across all plant fixed assets
Inspection effectiveness credit assignment for NDT techniques (PAUT vs RT vs Spot UT)
Target Equipment:Entire Plant Asset Fleet
APIAPI 520 / 521Relief & Safety
Safety

Sizing, Selection, Installation & Pressure-Relieving Systems in Refineries

Plain English:

The emergency pressure relief code: specifies how relief valves and flare stacks must be sized to safely vent dangerous pressure during plant fires or power outages.

Field Rule of Thumb

Inlet piping pressure drop to relief valve must not exceed 3% of set pressure to prevent valve chattering.

Mandatory Requirements:
Overpressure relief sizing for fire, runaway reaction, & power loss
PRV bench pop testing and seat leak testing to API 527
Target Equipment:Pressure Relief Valves & Flares
APIAPI Spec 5BWelding & Fabrication
Safety

Threading, Gauging, and Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads

Governs dimensions, tolerances, gauging protocols, and non-destructive thread inspection for oilfield casing, tubing, and line pipe.

Mandatory Requirements:
API Working Plug & Ring Gauge standoff verification
Thread lead & height dial gauge inspection per 1-inch interval
Target Equipment:Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) Casing & Tubing
ASTMASTM D6432Subsurface & Utilities
Safety

Standard Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface Investigation

Standard procedure for selecting antenna frequencies, calibrating dielectric constants, and conducting GPR radar scans.

Mandatory Requirements:
Dielectric permittivity calibration on known target depth
Grid scanning parameters for underground pipe & rebar resolution
Target Equipment:Concrete Slabs, Soil Subgrade & Utility Lines
ASTMASTM E2491Materials & Testing
Reliability

Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems

Governs sensitivity verification, beam angle accuracy, element activity, and focal law setup for PAUT flaw detectors.

Mandatory Requirements:
IIW calibration block element drop-out verification
Beam steering angle accuracy within ±1 degree
Target Equipment:PAUT Instruments, Wedges & Probes
ASTMASTM E2581Materials & Testing
Reliability

Standard Practice for Shearography of Polymer Matrix Composites

Laser shearography method for non-destructive detection of disbonding, delamination, and impact damage in composites.

Mandatory Requirements:
Thermal or mechanical stress excitation mapping
Subsurface disbond resolution in aerospace composites
Target Equipment:Composite Structures & Wind Blades
ASTMASTM C1060Materials & Testing
Eco-Protection

Standard Practice for Thermographic Inspection of Insulation Installations in Envelope Cavities

Infrared thermography procedure for identifying thermal bypasses, insulation voids, and moisture entrapment.

Mandatory Requirements:
Calibrated thermal camera resolution (NETD < 50mK)
Emissivity adjustment for refractory and jacketing materials
Target Equipment:Refractory Linings & Insulated Vessels
ACIACI 228.2RCivil & Concrete
Safety

Report on Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures

Comprehensive guide on NDT methods (GPR, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, Impact-Echo) for assessing structural concrete.

Mandatory Requirements:
Ground Penetrating Radar rebar depth & spacing mapping
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) concrete quality rating
Target Equipment:Reinforced Concrete Beams, Decks & Ringwalls
ACIACI 318Civil & Concrete
Safety

Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary

Governing structural design and minimum material strength criteria for reinforced concrete structures.

Mandatory Requirements:
Minimum concrete cover requirements for weather exposure
NDT verification of post-tension tendon duct grouting
Target Equipment:Commercial & Industrial Concrete Structures
ASCEASCE 38-22Subsurface & Utilities
Safety

Standard Guideline for Investigating and Documenting Existing Subsurface Utilities

Establishes Quality Levels (A, B, C, D) for identifying, depicting, and verifying underground utility infrastructure.

Mandatory Requirements:
Quality Level B: Electromagnetic & GPR geophysical locating
Quality Level A: Non-destructive vacuum excavation test holes
Target Equipment:Underground Gas, Power, Water & Fiber Utilities
ASMEASME Sec VPressure & Piping
Safety

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V: Nondestructive Examination

Mandatory methodology and procedural requirements for RT, UT, MT, PT, ET, VT, and LT across code fabrication.

Mandatory Requirements:
Written procedure demonstration on mock-up calibration blocks
Image Quality Indicator (IQI) sensitivity for radiography
Target Equipment:Boilers, Pressure Vessels & Nuclear Components
ASMEASME B31.3Pressure & Piping
Safety

Process Piping Code: Rules for Pressure Piping Systems

Design, material selection, fabrication, and NDT examination criteria for chemical plant and refinery process piping.

Mandatory Requirements:
100% volumetric NDT (PAUT/RT) for Severe Cyclic Service welds
Visual examination (VT) of all completed weld joints
Target Equipment:Refinery & Chemical Process Piping
AWSAWS D1.1Welding & Fabrication
Safety

Structural Welding Code — Steel

Governs welding procedure specifications (WPS), welder performance qualification, and visual/ultrasonic weld acceptance.

Mandatory Requirements:
Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) supervision of fit-up & root passes
Ultrasonic testing (UT) amplitude-based flaw acceptance criteria
Target Equipment:Structural Steel Buildings, Bridges & Crane Rails
ISOISO 9712Materials & Testing
Reliability

Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel

International standard for Level I, II, and III NDT technician training, examinations, and independent certification.

Mandatory Requirements:
Minimum documented industrial experience hours per method
Annual Jaeger 1 near-vision & Ishihara color vision testing
Target Equipment:Global NDT Inspectors & Testing Laboratories
Interactive Field Tools

Platform Designers & Governing Standards

NDT Exchange includes built-in digital modeling and inspection mapping tools engineered around international codes and API standards.

View Engineering Solvers
API 650 • API 653

Tank Shell CAD

Models storage tank shell course thicknesses, bottom annular plate layout, and hydrostatic test fill heights.

/ecosystem/tank-designerOpen Tool
TEMA R/C/B • API 660

TEMA Tube Designer

Generates heat exchanger tubesheet geometry, pitch patterns (30°, 45°, 60°, 90°), and maps ECT/IRIS/APR tube plugging & wall loss.

/ecosystem/temadesignerOpen Tool
ASME Sec V • ISO 13588

PAUT Scan Plan Designer

Calculates ray tracing, sound path skip distances (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 legs), and beam coverage over weld profiles for ASME Sec V Art. 4 compliance.

/ndt-scan-planOpen Tool
B31.3 • UG-27 • Sec V

Engineering Solvers

Calculate ASME B31.3 pipe wall thickness, acoustic impedance, beam divergence angles, and Snell's law refraction angles.

/ecosystem/calculatorsOpen Tool

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