AWS D1.1 / D1.1M
Structural Welding Code – Steel
The premier worldwide benchmark for structural steel welding design, procedure qualification, welder testing, and NDT acceptance criteria.
Prequalified WPS criteria, tubular & non-tubular joint design, visual inspection limits, UT/RT flaw acceptance, and post-weld heat treatment.
AWS D1.2 / D1.2M
Structural Welding Code – Aluminum
Governs design, qualification, fabrication, and NDT examination of welded aluminum structural components.
Oxide cleaning, shield gas purity, heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening, liquid penetrant testing, and specialized radiographic technique.
AWS B2.1 / B2.1M
Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification
Comprehensive rules for writing Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), Procedure Qualification Records (PQR), and Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ).
Essential, non-essential, and supplementary essential variables for all fusion welding processes (SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, SAW).
ASME Section IX
Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications
Mandatory standard governing qualification of welders, brazers, machine operators, and welding procedures for ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code and B31 Piping.
P-Numbers (base metals), F-Numbers & A-Numbers (fillers), essential variable range limits, and QW-100/QW-200/QW-300 articles.
ISO 3834 (Parts 1–6)
Quality Requirements for Fusion Welding of Metallic Materials
International quality system standard specifying comprehensive, standard, and elementary quality requirements for fusion welding in workshops and field sites.
Contract review, technical audit, welding coordination (ISO 14731), inspection personnel competence, equipment maintenance, and traceabilities.
ISO 15614-1
Specification and Qualification of Welding Procedures – Welding Procedure Test
International standard for qualifying arc and gas welding procedures for steels and nickel alloys (Level 1 and Level 2 specification options).
Material grouping (ISO/TR 15608), test piece geometries, non-destructive testing prior to sectioning, macro-etching, hardness testing, and impact testing.
ISO 9606-1
Qualification Testing of Welders – Fusion Welding – Steels
Global standard for testing and qualifying manual and semi-automatic welders for fusion welding of steels.
Essential variables: product type (plate/pipe), weld type (butt/fillet), material group, filler metal, dimensions, and welding position.
ISO 5817
Welding – Welded Joints in Steel, Nickel, Titanium – Quality Levels for Imperfections
Definitive international grading standard providing evaluation limits for welding imperfections across 3 quality levels: B (stringent), C (intermediate), D (moderate).
Limits on surface cracks, undercut, excess weld metal, porosity, slag inclusions, lack of fusion, and misalignment.
CSWIP 3.1 / 3.2 & AWS CWI
Certified Welding Inspector Qualifications & Examination Scopes
Industry-standard personnel qualification frameworks defining competence levels, vision standards, and practical examination requirements for welding inspectors.
Visual inspection of completed welds, NDT report audit, drawing compliance, WPS/PQR verification, and defect cause diagnosis.