AWS D1.1 / D1.1M
The premier worldwide benchmark for structural steel welding design, procedure qualification, welder testing, and NDT acceptance criteria.
- •Prequalified Joint Details (Complete Joint Penetration CJP & Partial PJP)
- •Essential Variables for WPS Qualification (Base Metal, Filler Metal, Heat Input)
- •Visual Inspection (VT) acceptance criteria prior to non-destructive testing
AWS D1.2 / D1.2M
Governs design, qualification, fabrication, and NDT examination of welded aluminum structural components.
- •Strict oxide removal and interpass temperature limits (< 250°F / 120°C)
- •Dye Penetrant (PT) examination for surface cracks and porosity
- •Radiographic examination for internal fusion defects and gas inclusions
AWS B2.1 / B2.1M
Comprehensive rules for writing Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), Procedure Qualification Records (PQR), and Welder Performance Qualification (WPQ).
- •Base Metal Grouping (M-Numbers / P-Numbers) and Filler Metal Grouping (F-Numbers)
- •Destructive testing requirements: Transverse Tensile, Guided Bend, and Charpy V-Notch Impact
- •Welder qualification position limits (1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G / 6GR)
ASME Section IX
Mandatory standard governing qualification of welders, brazers, machine operators, and welding procedures for ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code and B31 Piping.
- •PQR qualification ranges for base metal thickness (T) and weld deposit thickness (t)
- •Impact testing requirements for low-temperature applications (MDMT)
- •Welder performance qualification testing (QW-300) and expiration continuity logs
ISO 3834 (Parts 1–6)
International quality system standard specifying comprehensive, standard, and elementary quality requirements for fusion welding in workshops and field sites.
- •Assignment of certified Welding Coordinators (IWE / EWE / IWT)
- •Validation of welding and NDT personnel qualifications (ISO 9606 / ISO 9712)
- •Calibrated welding power sources, heat treatment equipment, and storage ovens
ISO 15614-1
International standard for qualifying arc and gas welding procedures for steels and nickel alloys (Level 1 and Level 2 specification options).
- •Mandatory 100% Visual (VT), 100% Surface (MT/PT), and 100% Volumetric (UT/RT) testing on test coupons
- •Vickers hardness traverse testing (HV10) across parent metal, HAZ, and weld core
- •Charpy V-notch impact testing at design minimum temperature
ISO 9606-1
Global standard for testing and qualifying manual and semi-automatic welders for fusion welding of steels.
- •Test piece welding under certified examiner supervision
- •Mandatory visual examination plus fracture testing OR volumetric NDT (RT or UT/PAUT)
- •Six-month revalidation by employer and 2-year / 3-year certificate renewal options
ISO 5817
Definitive international grading standard providing evaluation limits for welding imperfections across 3 quality levels: B (stringent), C (intermediate), D (moderate).
- •Reference standard for ISO NDT standards (ISO 17636 RT, ISO 17640 UT, ISO 17638 MT)
- •Categorization of surface vs internal imperfections
- •Quality Level B requirement for fatigue-loaded and high-pressure components
CSWIP 3.1 / 3.2 & AWS CWI
Industry-standard personnel qualification frameworks defining competence levels, vision standards, and practical examination requirements for welding inspectors.
- •CSWIP 3.1 (Level 2) Welding Inspector & CSWIP 3.2 (Level 3) Senior Inspector scope
- •AWS CWI (Certified Welding Inspector) & SCWI scope
- •Jaeger 1 / Times Roman 4.5 pt near-vision acuity & color perception testing